Apparatus for burning finely-divided fuel.



D. J. IRISH.

APPARATUS FOR BURNING PINELY DWI DEB FUEL.

APPLICATION FILED $21 122, 1011.

1,086,714. Patented Feb. 10, 1914,

Em--5 my v .6 2

| 1 I v ,y F a 1 1 al 1 1 WITNESSES:

M4 I I i fi w g UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DAVID-2 IRISH, on NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE BABCOCK & WILCOXcoM'PANY,

or BAYONNE, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION or NEW JERSEY.

APPARATUS FOR- BURNING FINELY-DIVIDED FUEI l.

Specification of Letters latent. v

Patented Feb. 10, 1914.

Application file d September 22, 1911. Serial No, 650,742.

\ vided Fuel, of which the following is a specification.

I have found that by admitting air for combustion at various points to astream or of finely-divided fuel the form of the flame resultingtherefrom may be materially varied, said variation following a definitelaw. Thus, if the points at which air is ad mitted .are confined to thesides of a stream or'jet'of fuel circular in cross section, theresulting flame will be narrowed in width and correspondingly increasedin height. On the other hand, if the air is admitted only above andbelow a stream of fuel circular in cross section, the resulting flamewill be broadened and reduced in height.

Many instances occur in practice where burners or sprayer-s forfinely-divided fuel.

adapt these so-called round flame burners to the special furnaceconditions wherein a broad flattened flame is desired. It is notnecessary to entirely dispense with air admission at certain points butair may be admitted entirely around the burner and, if it be properlyproportioned'in amount in accordance with the above theorem, thecorresponding etfect will be produced on the form of the flame.

My invention will be understood by reference to the accompanyingdrawings in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through a boilerfurnace showing the application of the invention thereto: Fig. 2 a frontelevation of the boiler of Fig 1 showing the application of two burnersto the furnace; Figs. 3 and 4 front views of forms of plates throughwhich the air for combustion may be admitted to control the form of theflame in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 5 a verticalsection on the' plane of the line 5--5 of Fig. 6 showing another form ofplate; Fig. 6 a horizontal section on the plane of the line (3-6 of Fig.5; and Figs.

7. 8 and 9 are diagrammatic views showing the effect of air distributionon the flame.

Similar reference numerals indicate similar parts in the several views.

For the purpose of illustration I have shown my invention applied to aboiler furnace of limited head room and great width.

The use of a burner in this form of furnace giving a conical flamecircular in section is objectionable for the reason that the flame comesinto interference with the floor of the furnace and the water-heatingsurfaces ularly at the entrance. Vith this form of furnace it is desiredto s read the flame from the burners across the urnace in the directionof its width without using an excessive number of burners, or burnerswhich in themselves produce a broad flat flame. In carrying out myinvention any suitable form of burner 1 may be used which Will properlyproject a finely-dividcdfuel such as gas, oil or solid fuel in the formof a substantially conical flame, into the combustion chamber 2.

In order to flatten the flame, which would ordinarily be produced by theburner, I admit the air for combustion through an opening which willpermit the entrance of a larger volume above and below the flame than isadmitted at the sides. This can be conveniently accomplishcd by settinga box or frame 3 having an oblong or oval opening into the furnace wall,the burner 1 ter minating in proximity to such opening, as shown inFigs. 1 and 6, and substantially coincident with the axis thereof. Inaccordance with the principles above stated the volume of air admittedabove and below the flame is greater than at the sides and this has theeffect of pressing upon the upper and lower sidcsof the flame andflattening it horizontally.

In Fig. 7 I have shown diagrammatically the efl ect of admitting air forcombustion through a circular opening 4. equal in volume atv all pointsaround the burner. In such case the flame, will'sp'read out in aconicalform. circularin section, as. indiflattened as indicated by thearowsjthat is, with its major axis horizontal.

forming the upper portion thereof, partic- If the air opening'is so.

major axisis horizontal, as s ownf'in' lligffl,

= then the flame willlbe narioiwed"htnfizon tally and increased inheight, as indicated by the arrows, that-is the flame will'be. of

oval shape with its major axis vertical; As

' shownby Figs. 8' and 9, the major axisfofi the, flame will be"practically at r1 lit-anglesto the major axis of the opening or i d;In1SS10n.- v

., H If it is'desired' togive to the air iforcoi'nbustion' a whirling orrotating motion,. I,

place within the opening-a series pfbladesinclined ,at an angle toqthe'p'lane of ffthe opening and space apartto prov de aper-' tures for theadmissionof air. 'Alconv'en ient way of doing this 'is to-makethe-bladesin the form'-of:-a, plate, "either a casting or blades. ofsheet metal secured 'toa suitable base. In Fig. 3;,the blades 5aresecured at ftheir inner ends toa central, ring'to' pro- Vide anopening-through which. the fuel may be projected, and fair" their outerends oval opening inaplate Q .c-lined'tothe-plane of the plate,;aslshownin.

, to an oblong frame el -plate. 6.;By using such a devic'e,l'tne flamenotonly. flattened by reasonflofjthea'oblongf formof the air flected,fromt-its 'nbrmal" direction of travel and. iven a" whirlingiforrotating motionby w fieh is secured afco'ntinuous, ,uniform'} andintimate Instead of an'bbiehg fgiaer aaiara Fig. 4,]to deflect the airand togive it a whirling'or rotatingmotionl' In this case, as with anoblong or oval opening without the blades, the greater volume ofairadmitflattened flames 4 ted at one point than". another produces a IFigs. 5 and- 6 I have showna boxlii rectangular in vertical sectionwhich may. .be set into the furnace casing and which has at the furnaceend thereof a grating of "vertical blades 10 inclined to thep ane oftheir supports so vas to deflect the air without :giving it a whirlingmotiorn All of.

I 3 these forms of openings, in which the area for air admission islonger in one direction than the other, produce substantially the same.-flatteningefi'ect on [the .flameQ-Q'lhe major axis of suchopening maybe'vertical or. horizontal, or any otlferfp0s1tion', to pro 'duce theflattening in the desired directional,

Y -Torstill1n1ore fullycexplain my invention,

I? I wmdes ific: example of Prac- ,lt s e' it h a boxv having arectangularopening- Shine I making zthereb y a with'blades e in as byf:inches, with the niaj or axis v'epticalfasii shownin Fig. 9, i and v.withoutgganafideflectingfplate. The burner was ofth'e'cmisltriiction'fshownin Peabody I Patent No. 1,907,793, datedNovember 191 1',: .-withf;;' an outlet orifice}- three sixty-' atogrthsof. an inch in dianieterif The pres homema- ."sure on theoilwas'about200 ounds and the Joilffwas' what I is commercially known fTexas Crude of 2TB. The temperatugil of the. oil entering the burner wasabout 1 natural draft was- "employedof-aboutfi of an inchin thefurdegrees Fahrenheit. A

nace, The furnace was about 8 feet Wide,

=32inches high at the front and about? feet at the rear and 7 feetlong.-,' There was about 1190 pounds pressure in the boiler which was.

of the type shown in Fig. 1 with the grate bars removed. The followingobservations were made: Ignition began in a plane about 1 1 4" behindthe box, and about 13 to 15 inches from the front of the burner. The

flame extended substantially thelength of the furnace, and wassubstantially oval in cross-section with the. major axis horizontal,

and at its further end the horizontal axis was about 60' inches, and theminor or vertical axis was about 24 inches. 'Upon placing the air-inletbox as shown in Fig. 8, that is, with the major axis of the openinghorizontal, the conditions observed were 1 practically the same asabove'state'd except that the major ganl in a plane about 1?; to 2inchesbehind the box, and about 21} to 3 inches behind the burner. The. flameextended into the fur a mice a distance of'from' four to five feet backI of the box, and was substantially oval in 1 cross-section with themajor axis horizontal, and atits further endthe minor or verticalaxisfwas about 20 inches. Theabove difi'er ences in positionand size offlame is due'to' the thorough intermixing of the air and oil carried bythe placingof an air deflecting; plate, of the form described'inFig. 3,in the rectangular .opening. "Upon removing the boxand admitting airthrough a circular opening in the furnace wall, as shown in Fig. 7, theflame was substantially circular in cross-section. Froin'theseobservations it Y therefore appears that-thefadr'nission of agreaterquantity OIflVOlUmB Of air above and below the burner than at the sidesproduces a broad flattened flame. Byreversingthese .conditions, that'is',ad1nitting a greater qua'm tity or volume of air'at thesi'des thanabove or below the burneriprod'ueesa broad flat-1 1 tened 'flame withthe major axis vertical.

QWhat I claim and desire to secure by Let tors Patent "of the UnitedStates is 1, In combination, a bombustion-nhamber,

a burner.- for finely divided fuehra casing havinganopeningfortheadmission of fforicoinbustion, said opening vbeinglongerin one direction than 'the loth'er, and means to give to the air awhirling or rotating mo tion as it enters the combustion chamber.

2. The combination With a burner, of an air deflecting device comprisingaplate hav 5 ingan opening longer in one direction than the other, aplurality of inclined blades spaced apart to provide apertures for the'admission of air and secured attheir outer ends to said plate, a supportfor the inner l0 ends of the blades said inner support having at centralopening,--and the burner termihating in proximity to said centralopening.

- In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

DAVID J. IRISH.

Witnesses M. E. MGNINOH, ARTHUR GOAT.

